SingOS/vbr.nasm

ORG 0x7c00
BITS 16 
%define DISK_SERVICE 0x0050:0x0000
%define KERNEL       0x2500:0x0000 ;0x0050:0x0512
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; Volume Boot Record 
; This will start SingOS from the disk
; The disk format has to be LessSimpleFileSystem
; Loading /kernel/kernel.bin which should contain the kernel for the system 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
    
    ; Ensure that the data segment and extra segment is set to 0x00 
    mov ax, 0x00
    mov ds, ax
    mov es, ax

    ; Setup stack 
    mov ax, 0x8fc0
    mov ss, ax      ; Set 'ss' to this location (the beginning of our stack region)
    mov sp, 0xffff    ; Set 'ss:sp' to the top of our 8K stack
    mov bp, sp

    mov [global_disk_identifier], dl    ; saving disk_identifier, this is the number the disk that we are booting from. 

;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
; The system has to support int13 bios extended system calls, otherwise is SingOS not supporting the hardware.  
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
    mov ah, 0x41                     ;Set AH = 0x41
    mov bx, 0x55aa                   ;BX = 0x55AA
    mov dl, [global_disk_identifier]    ;DL = disk_id
    int 0x13                         ;Issue an INT 0x13.
    jnc ext_disk_supported
    ; The System does support exented read write
    mov si, vbr_lsfs_disk_error_msg
    call 0x00:tmp_print
    cli
    hlt

    ;Routine for printing a 'ax' as hex
    ;tmp_dumpax:
    ;pusha           ; save registers
    ;mov bx, ax
    ;mov ah, 0xE     ; Teletype output
 
     ;mov cx, 4       ; 4 nipples in a 16 bit word
     ;.loop:
     ;rol bx, 4       ; rotate to next nipple
     ;mov al, bl      ; we copy to al because we need to mask only the low 4 bits
     ;and al, 1111b   ; Do the masking
     ;add al, '0'     ; convert to ASCII
     ;cmp al, '9'     ; If we are greater than 9 ascii, we add 7 to make digit 10 be represented as 'A'
     ;jbe .skip       ;  -|-
     ;add al, 7       ;  -|-
     ;.skip:          ;  -|-
     ;int 0x10        ; BIOS call 'output'
     ;loop .loop
 
     ;popa            ; restore registers
    ;retf

    tmp_print:
    ; Prints string in si
    ; IN si: zero terminated string to print
    ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
        ;mov ax, 0x7e55
        ;mov ax, si 
        ;call 0x00:tmp_dumpax
        mov ah, 0xE     ; Specify 'int 0x10' 'teletype output' function
                        ; [AL = Character, BH = Page Number, BL = Colour (in graphics mode)]
    .printchar:
        lodsb           ; Load byte at address SI into AL, and increment SI
        test al, al
        jz .done        ; If the character is zero (NUL), stop writing the string
        int 0x10         ; Otherwise, print the character via 'int 0x10'
        jmp .printchar  ; Repeat for the next character
    .done:
        retf

; loading essentials for SingOS to run
; starting by loading the rest of the VBR: 
ext_disk_supported:
    mov si, vbr_message
    call 0x00:tmp_print

    ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
    ; The system is suportted
    ; We are now loading the kernel "/kernel/kernel.bin" 
    ;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;    

    ; INPUT 
    ; ax = sector index for the FSCI that has to be loaded. 
    ; bx = segment 
    ;mov ax, [vbr_LBA_FSCI]
    ;mov bx, 0x00
    ;call lsfs_load_fsci_info;

    ;INPUT
    ; ax = filename
    ; bx = pointer to buffer
    ; cx = buffer_size
    ; dx = offset in file 
    ; es = segment to read in data 
    ;call lsfs_read_file 
    ; RETURN
    ; ax preserved 
    ; bx preserved 
    ; cx preserved
    ; dx data read 
    ; es = remember to restore es if this has to be saved. 

    mov ax, [vbr_LBA_address]
    inc ax
    mov dl, [global_disk_identifier]
    mov WORD [DAPACK.lba_addr_dw_low], ax
    mov WORD [DAPACK.blkcnt],          0x10  
    mov WORD [DAPACK.db_addr_segment], 0x7e0
    mov WORD [DAPACK.db_addr_offset],  0x00
    mov si, DAPACK                          ; address of "disk address packet"
    mov ah, 0x42                            ; READ
    mov dl, [global_disk_identifier] 
    int 0x13

    mov cx, [vbr_LBA_FSCI]
    mov bx, ds
    mov ax, 0x1
    push cx
    push bx
    push ax
    mov cx, 0x7e0
    mov ds, cx
    mov es, cx
    call 0x7e0:0x00
    add sp, 0x6 ; skip the paramerts 
    mov cx, 0x0
    mov ds, cx
    mov es, cx

    ; Set the Parameter_Struct
    mov ax, lsfs_path
    mov [Parameter_Struct.path], ax
    mov WORD [Parameter_Struct.buffer_segment], 0x50
    mov WORD [Parameter_Struct.buffer_address], 0x00
    mov WORD [Parameter_Struct.buffer_size], 0xFFFF
    mov WORD [Parameter_Struct.byte_offset_into_file], 0x00

    mov cx, Parameter_Struct
    mov bx, ds
    mov ax, 0x2
    push cx
    push bx
    push ax
    mov cx, 0x7e0
    mov ds, cx
    mov es, cx
    call 0x7e0:0x00
    add sp, 0x6 ; skip the paramerts 
    mov cx, 0x0
    mov ds, cx
    mov es, cx

    ; Set the Parameter_Struct
    mov ax, kernel_path
    mov [Parameter_Struct.path], ax
    mov WORD [Parameter_Struct.buffer_segment], 0x2500
    mov WORD [Parameter_Struct.buffer_address], 0x00
    mov WORD [Parameter_Struct.buffer_size], 0xFFFF
    mov WORD [Parameter_Struct.byte_offset_into_file], 0x00

    mov cx, Parameter_Struct
    mov bx, ds
    mov ax, 0x2
    push cx
    push bx
    push ax
    mov cx, 0x7e0
    mov ds, cx
    mov es, cx
    call 0x7e0:0x00
    add sp, 0x6 ; skip the paramerts 
    mov cx, 0x0
    mov ds, cx
    mov es, cx


    ; ready to jump to the kernel 
    mov bx, [vbr_LBA_FSCI]
    mov dl, [global_disk_identifier]
    jmp KERNEL

    nop
    cli
    hlt

DAPACK:
  .dap_Size:         db  0x10   ; This is always 16 bytes (0x10)
  .rev_byte:         db  0x0    ; reserved byte, should always be zero
  .blkcnt:           dw  0x0    ; int 13 resets this to # of blocks actually read/written
  .db_addr_offset:   dw  0x0    ; memory buffer destination address (0:7c00)
  .db_addr_segment:  dw  0x0    ; in memory page zero
  .lba_addr_dw_low:  dd  0x0    ; put the lba to read in this spot
  .lba_addr_dw_high: dd  0x0    ; more storage bytes only for big lba's ( > 4 bytes )


Parameter_Struct: 
    .path            dw 0x00 ; char*
    .new_path        dw 0x00 ; char*
    .buffer_segment  dw 0x00 ; int
    .buffer_address  dw 0x00 ; int
    .buffer_size     dw 0x00 ; int
    .data_length     dw 0x00 ; int
    .byte_offset_into_file dw 0x00 ; int
    .entry_kind      dw 0x00 ; Table_Entry_Kind


global_disk_identifier   db 0
vbr_message              db 'VBR: Less Simple File System', 13, 10, 'Loading system', 13, 10, 0
vbr_lsfs_disk_error_msg  db 'The system does not support disk operations', 0
lsfs_path                db '/kernel/utils/lsfs.bin', 0
kernel_path              db '/kernel/kernel.bin', 0

times 446-($-$$) db 0
vbr_size_in_bytes dw 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 ; size of the VBR in secotrs (Such that we can load the rest of the VBR)
vbr_LBA_address dw 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 ; Abselout LBA adress of this VBR, such that we know where to find the FSCI (offset 1MB)
vbr_LBA_FSCI    dw 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00
times 510-($-$$) db 0
dw 0x1818; Signature, homemade, sshould it be 0xAA55?

; rest of VBR, which has to be loaded in the first part of the VBR
;%include "filesystems/lsfs/lsfs.nasm"
incbin "../lsfs_16-bit/disk.out"
; By specification the max size can be 1MB of the compiled file.